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Biological classification and taxonomic rank. Definition of species. Differences and similarities and the structure of animals and plant cell. Origin and phylogenetic tree Protozoa (Sarcomastigophora, Apicomplexa, Ciliophora). The structures and function of the cellular organelles. Reproduction- asexual (cell division or binary fission formation of spores), sexual reproduction, conjugation and exchange of nuclear material. Parasitic species. Phylogenesis of Eumetazoas. Taxonomy of Cnidaria . The structural arrangement of the various cellular components of ectoderm, endoderm, mezoglea. Polymorphism, reproduction, metagenesis. Taxonomy of Plathelminthes (Turbelaria, Trematoda, Cestoda). Morphological and anatomic structure of the integument, alimentary system , nervous system, excretory system, hermaphroditic reproductive system. Reproductive biology (asexual and sexual reproduction). Nemathelmintes – morfology and anatomy of the integument, gastrointestinal trackt , nervous system, excretory system, male and female reproductive system. Development of selected species of parasites nematodes. Nemathelmintes – morfology and anatomy of the integument, gastrointestinal trackt , nervous system, excretory system, male and female reproductive system. Development of selected species of parasites nematodes. Tissues of the seed plants. Meristematic tissues .Permanent tissues: epiderm, periderm, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma ,xylem, phloem. Morfology and anatomy of vegetative organe of seed plants (stalk, root, foliage); Morfology and anatomy generativ organs (inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed). Taxonomy and characteristic of plants with particular reference to their medical importance, poisoning possibilities, forage crops and protected species. Cryptogam; Bryophyta (Hepaticae, Musci, Sphagnales), Pteridophyta (Lycopsidaceae, Equisetaceae, Polipodiaceae). Reproduction (gametophyte generation and sporophyte generation). Gymnosperm; Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxaceae. Reproduction of gemnosperms; Alternation of generations (gametophyte and sporophyte). Dicotyledons; Ranunculacae, Urticaceae Rosaceae,Cruciferae, Solanaceae, Papilionaceae, Plantaginaceae, Umbelliferae, Compositae. Boraginaceae, Lobiatae, Polygonaceae, Papaveraceae, Reproduction of angiosperms; Alternation of generations (gametophyte and sporophyte). Monocotyledons; Liliaceae, Graminae, Cyperaceae, Orchdaceae. Particular morphological and anatomical features of monocotyledons. Important secondary metabolites in plants: alkaloids, glycosides, flovonoids, ethereal oils, resins, saponins, mineral compounds, antybiotics, cytostatics of plants. Methods of extraction of a herbal product: tinctures, tisanes, decoctions, macerates, vinegars, topicals, syrups. Classification of the medicinal plants according to their operation: antiphlogistic, cholagogue, diuretic, analgesic, ostriugent, purgative |